Shipping from Europe with tracking number $20
Cathedral Gothic architecture medal 58mm by Famous
Jacob Wiener , born onin the village of Hoerstgen, Kamp-Lintfort , died onin Brussels , is a Belgian medalist . He produced numerous medals, coins and postage stamps, in particular the first Belgian postage stamp , put into circulation on.
Biography
When he was two years old, Jacob's family, which was Jewish and did not adopt the name Wiener (the Viennese) until 1808 , moved to Venlo in the Netherlands . His father is Marcus Mayer (1794-?) and his mother, Hanna Barruch (1791-?). Jacob, who is the eldest of a family of ten children, goes, at the age of thirteen, to his uncle, the renowned engraver Loeb Baruch, in Aix- la-Chapelle , to learn drawing, modeling and engraving.
In 1835 , he went to Paris to complete his training and, in 1839 , at the age of twenty-four, he settled permanently in Brussels and, a few years later, naturalized Belgian.
His first works drew attention to him, mainly a medal which represented the Sainte-Gudule church in Brussels. This was, for him, the starting point of an engraved reproduction of the main monuments of Europe, 41 in number (including 8 for France ) .
Popular favor attached to his name, and he was called upon to carry out important works such as the first Belgian postage stamps and the organization of their manufacture, the means of preventing fraud, the making of dies, etc. That of historical tokens for the Municipal Council of Brussels was also entrusted to him, as well as other works. He often worked in collaboration with his brothers Léopold and Charles Wiener , also medal engravers.
Wiener was, around 1870 , in full activity and at the height of his success when he felt the first expectations of his ardor, consequences of his indefatigable assiduity, of the prolonged and constant use of the magnifying glass: his sight gradually weakened and, in 1872, he became blind . However, after carrying out the cataract operation on both eyes, we managed to restore his sight more or less, but the healing was not complete and a relapse was still to be feared, he had to give up the practice of his art in 1874 1 .
Wiener survived twenty-five years at the end of his brilliant artistic career, but the Jewish community of Belgium, knowing his devotion to the confessional interests of his cult, gave him an important place in the management of their interests and ended up placing him at the head of their higher administration, a position he occupied laboriously and with dignity, surrounded until his last moments by the veneration of his colleagues.
Although a Knight of the Order of Leopold and of several other foreign orders, Jacques Wiener, former engraver to the King, President of the Israelite Central Consistory of Belgium , had formally renounced, out of simplicity and modesty, the military honors to which he was entitled. His burial took place in the cemetery of Ixelles 2 .
He was the husband of Annette Newton (1816-1891 ) , of English origin.
He was the father of Samson Wiener (born on August 18 , 1851 in Brussels and died there on April 10 , 1914 in a car accident), a lawyer and liberal French-speaking Brussels senator.
He was the grandfather of Ernest Wiener (Brussels 1882-1973): After studying at the Royal Military School , Ernest Wiener graduated as an electrical engineer from the Montefiore Institute . Seriously wounded on the front in 1918, after four years of combat, Major Wiener would become the director of the Royal Military School , then General-Major at Headquarters during the invasion of May 1940. Taken prisoner, he spent the war at the Stalag 3 , 4
Work
His first important achievement was a commemorative medal for the municipality of Venlo , ( Netherlands ) in 1840. In 1848, he won the contract for the engraving of the first Belgian postage stamp. He therefore took care of the composition and entrusted its engraving to John Henry Robinson . We see the King of the Belgians, Leopold I in military uniform, with clearly visible epaulets, hence the name Epaulettes given to this issue.
In 1845, he began to engrave medals for the exterior and interior of monuments, with great attention to detail accuracy, which was new: First a group of ten medals of Belgian churches, then the important monuments of Europe, cathedrals, churches, mosques, the Pantheon in Paris, the Saint-Sophie mosque in Istanbul, the dome of Pisa, the cathedrals of Cologne, Reims or Saint- Paul in London , but also all Belgian prisons and town halls 2 .
In 1859 he produced a medal of the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba , exhibited in the Victoria & Albert Museum 5 . Spain is becoming a popular destination for travellers, who discover traces of Muslim influence, in Cordoba, the Alhambra in Granada and the Alcazar in Seville .
Around 1864, he made a medal of the interior of the Hagia Sophia mosque in Constantinople , exhibited at the Victoria & Albert Museum 6 .
In 1872, his eyesight declining, he ceased to produce medals.
Westminster Abbey
| Westminster Abbey | |
|---|---|
| Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster | |
 Westminster Abbey's western façade | |
  Westminster Abbey | |
| Location | Dean's Yard, London, SW1 |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| Previous denomination | Roman Catholic Church |
| Churchmanship | High church |
| Website | www |
| History | |
| Status | Collegiate church |
| Founded | 960s–970s |
| Dedication | Saint Peter |
| Consecrated | 28 December 1065, 13 October 1269 |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | UNESCO World Heritage Site |
| Designated | 1987 |
| Architectural type | Church |
| Style | Gothic |
| Groundbreaking | c. 1042 to 1052 |
| Specifications | |
| Nave width | 85 feet (26 m)[1] |
| Height | 101 feet (31 m)[1] |
| Floor area | 32,000 square feet (3,000 m2)[1] |
| Number of towers | 2 |
| Tower height | 225 feet (69 m)[1] |
| Materials | Reigate stone; Portland stone; Purbeck marble |
| Bells | 10 |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Extra-diocesan (royal peculiar) |
| Clergy | |
| Dean | David Hoyle |
| Canon(s) | see Dean and Chapter |
| Laity | |
| Director of music | Andrew Nethsingha (Organist and Master of the Choristers) |
| Organist(s) | Peter Holder[2] (sub-organist) Matthew Jorysz[2] (assistant) |
| Organ scholar | Dewi Rees[2] |
| Coordinates | 51°29′58″N 00°07′39″W |
| Founded | 960s–970s[3] |
| Official name | Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and Saint Margaret's Church |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, ii, iv |
| Designated | 1987 (11th session) |
| Reference no. | 426 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Region | Europe and North America |
Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Official name | Westminster Abbey (The Collegiate Church of St Peter) |
| Designated | 24 February 1958 |
| Reference no. | 1291494[4] |
Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London, England. Since 1066, it has been the location of the coronations of 40 English and British monarchs,[5][6] and a burial site for 18 English, Scottish, and British monarchs.[7] At least 16 royal weddings have occurred at the abbey since 1100.[8]
Although the origins of the church are obscure, there was certainly an abbey operating on the site by the mid-10th century, housing Benedictine monks.[9] The church got its first grand building in the 1060s under the auspices of the English king Edward the Confessor, who is buried inside.[10] Construction of the present church began in 1245 on the orders of Henry III.[11] The monastery was dissolved in 1559 and the church was made a royal peculiar—a Church of England church responsible directly to the sovereign—by Elizabeth I.[12] In 1987, the abbey, together with the Palace of Westminster and St. Margaret's Church, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site because of its historic and symbolic significance.[13]
The Gothic architecture of the church is chiefly inspired by French and English styles from the 13th century,[14] although some sections of the church show earlier Romanesque styles,[15] or later Baroque,[16] and modern styles.[17] The Henry VII Chapel at the east end of the church is a typical example of Perpendicular Gothic architecture; the antiquarian John Leland said of it that it was orbis miraculum ("the wonder of the world").[18]
The abbey is the burial site of more than 3,300 people, many of prominence in British history: monarchs, prime ministers, poets laureate, actors, scientists, military leaders, and the Unknown Warrior.[19] Describing the fame of the figures buried there, author William Morris described the abbey in 1900 as a "National Valhalla".[20]
History
Although historians agree that there was a monastery dedicated to St. Peter on the site prior to the 11th century, its exact origin is somewhat obscure. One legend claims that it was founded by the Saxon King of Essex Sæberht, and another that its founder was the fictional 2nd-century British king Lucius.[21] One tradition claims that a young fisherman on the River Thames had a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to have been quoted as the origin of the salmon that Thames fishermen offered to the abbey, a custom still observed annually by the Fishmongers' Company.[22] The recorded origins of the abbey date to the 960s or early 970s, when Saint Dunstan and King Edgar installed a community of Benedictine monks on the site.[9] At that time, the location was an island in the middle of the River Thames called Thorn Ey.[23] The buildings from this time would have been wooden, and have not survived.[24]
11th century: Edward the Confessor's abbey
Between 1042 and 1052, Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St. Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was built in the Romanesque style and was the first church in England built on a cruciform floorplan.[25] The master stonemason for the project was Leofsi Duddason,[26] with Godwin and Wendelburh Gretsyd (meaning "fat purse") as patrons, and Teinfrith as "churchwright", probably meaning someone who worked on the carpentry and roof.[27] Endowments supported a community that increased from a dozen monks, during Dunstan's time, up to as many as eighty.[28] The building was completed around 1060 and was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066.[10] A week later, he was buried in the church; nine years later, his wife Edith was buried alongside him.[29] His successor, Harold Godwinson, was probably crowned here, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later that year.[30]
The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey is in the Bayeux Tapestry.[31] The foundations still survive under the present church, and above ground, some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory survive in the undercroft, including a door said to come from the previous Saxon abbey. It was a little smaller than the current church, with a central tower.[32]
In 1103, thirty-seven years after his death, Edward's tomb was re-opened by Abbot Gilbert Crispin and Henry I, who discovered that his body was still in perfect condition. This was considered proof of his saintliness, and he was canonised in 1161. Two years later he was moved to a new shrine, during which time his ring was removed and placed in the abbey's collection.[33]