The blue and violet colors associated with the gem are created by heating cut and polished stones to 752-932 degrees Fahrenheit (400-500 degrees Celsius). Since the zoisite crystals appear as common brown pebbles before being treated, the gemstone went undiscovered until 1962 when lightning caused a brushfire which--by a stroke of fortune--heated some surfaced pebbles to the right temperature. A local Masai cattle herder noticed a stone sparkling in the sun soon after, and tanzanite was discovered. Once the stone reached New York Jewelers Tiffany and Co, it was named "tanzanite" after its country of origin and began its climb to fame.One would think from the short supply of the stone that the gem would be one of the most expensive. Yet, short sighted in the excitement of this stone's discovery, mine owners and jewelers have never properly priced the worth per carat of the stone, which explains the range in prices.
Tanzanite occurs only in the East African state of Tanzania in a volcanic basin called Merlani. The basin is at the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro in the African Rift Valley, a wide grassy basin used by Masai cattle herders to raise and watch their herds. The mining area for this stone is just under 10 square miles. The gem was formed roughly 585 million years ago at the same time the African Rift Valley was formed and is found in geological structures called boudins.
| Mineral Information | Calcium aluminum silicate, may include iron or manganese |
| Chemical Composition | Ca2Al3(O/OH/SiO4/Si2O7) |
| Color | Purple-blue |
| Hardness | 6-1/2 to 7 (Mohs) |
| Specific Gravity | 3.35 |
| Refractive Index | 1.691 - 1.700 |
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